1. Product Structure and Interfacial Design
1.1 Core-Shell Framework and Bonding Device
(Copper-Coated Steel Fibers)
Copper-coated steel fibers (CCSF) are composite filaments consisting of a high-strength steel core covered by a conductive copper layer, developing a metallurgically adhered core-shell architecture.
The steel core, typically low-carbon or stainless steel, supplies mechanical effectiveness with tensile toughness exceeding 2000 MPa, while the copper coating– generally 2– 10% of the complete diameter– imparts superb electrical and thermal conductivity.
The user interface between steel and copper is vital for efficiency; it is crafted through electroplating, electroless deposition, or cladding procedures to make certain strong adhesion and marginal interdiffusion under operational tensions.
Electroplating is one of the most common method, using accurate density control and consistent protection on continuous steel filaments attracted through copper sulfate bathrooms.
Correct surface area pretreatment of the steel, consisting of cleaning, pickling, and activation, makes sure optimum nucleation and bonding of copper crystals, avoiding delamination during subsequent handling or solution.
Gradually and at raised temperature levels, interdiffusion can form brittle iron-copper intermetallic stages at the interface, which may endanger adaptability and long-term reliability– a difficulty minimized by diffusion obstacles or fast handling.
1.2 Physical and Functional Characteristic
CCSFs incorporate the best attributes of both basic metals: the high elastic modulus and tiredness resistance of steel with the exceptional conductivity and oxidation resistance of copper.
Electrical conductivity typically ranges from 15% to 40% of International Annealed Copper Criterion (IACS), depending on covering thickness and pureness, making CCSF significantly extra conductive than pure steel fibers (
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